Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A wheelchair ramp is a crucial tool in helping a loved one live at home independently. However, if they aren't designed correctly, they can be unsafe to use.
ADA regulations require level landings at all changes in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They must also have an area that is grippy for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp's design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act standards so that wheelchairs are able to move around the structure easily. The ramp slope can't exceed a ratio of 1:12, and the landings must be level in any change of direction or shift in the ramp surface. It also must be constructed out of treated lumber, which is more durable and weathers precipitation far better than untreated lumber.
The ramp's top and bottom must be free of any obstacles like trees or bushes, or any other structures that could hinder the user's safe passage. In addition, the surface of the ramp must be smooth and non-slip. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be coated with an anti-slip surface.
Make use of treated lumber that is at minimum 4 inches in width for the ramp frame. To secure the ramp, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend below ground level. The posts must then be connected with the ramp's railings by using spindles. This type of connection reduces the possibility of a ramp operator slipping off the side.
Then, construct the ramp's frame using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and beams of 2 by 4 inches. The joists should be at least 18 inches above the ground and secured with joist hangings which are nails that fit inside the joists to prevent them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking using framing nails.
Create an upper landing in the doorway, allowing people with disabilities to navigate the doorswing without difficulty. This landing should have 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. The landing for doors that are in-swinging should be 58 x 60 in order to accommodate the threshold of the door and a wheelchair user who needs to go backwards through the doorway.
Install a level landing whenever you change in ramp direction to prevent the need for wheelchairs to slam on their brakes as they turn corners. Adding a level landing also allows you to move the ramp away from the way, if needed, so that lawnmowers or other equipment can pass underneath it.
Materials
The material used to construct a wheelchair ramp can be either concrete, wood or aluminum. A professional ramp installation service can assist you in deciding which one is suitable for your business or home. When choosing the material to use for the ramp, it's crucial to consider your budget and requirements. The ramp should be simple to maintain and safe for use. Certain cities require that the ramp be laid with an anti-slip surface.
Before you purchase any building materials or begin building, be sure you have the required permits from your local government and that you follow all building codes in your area. Using the wrong materials or construction methods could result in hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can get the most up-to-date information regarding construction requirements at the building department of your local government office, library or online.
Wood ramps are usually the least expensive choice of ADA ramp materials, however they require more maintenance than other alternatives. Wood ramps must be regularly treated with a sealer in order to stop decay. Wood can split, which can be especially hazardous for those who are in wheelchairs. Wood ramps can also need additional support to keep the structure in place.
Concrete ramps can be expensive, but are durable and last for a long time. They are heavy, which means that more work is required to construct them, and they can make it difficult to move the ramp once they are no longer needed. Concrete ramps are strong enough to withstand the weight of power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps are lighter and more affordable than steel or concrete. They also have the same durability, strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also cheaper than iron and steel, making them an excellent alternative for those on budgets. Aluminum is also green, since it is naturally present in the earth's crust and can be recycled.
The upper landing of the ramp should be at a level, or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold to allow the front wheels of smaller wheelchairs to move over it without becoming stuck. Ramps that have gaps greater than this won't meet ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly from the upper landing to the surface. The final section of the ramp should have a beveled edge that will stop wheelchairs from abruptly stopping when entering or leaving a house.
Installation
A wheelchair ramp is a ramp that has a plane that can be installed as an alternative to or in addition to steps. It lets wheelchair users and those who use strollers or carts to get around areas that would otherwise be difficult to reach, such as an entranceway or a set up of steep steps.
When choosing a wheelchair access ramp, there are numerous aspects to take into consideration, including the location, height, and cost. Ideally, a ramp should be located close to the door as is possible to avoid unnecessary transportation. It should be placed at a height that the person using it is able to easily navigate. It should also be properly secured to the ground and free of obstructions, like trees or parked cars.
ADA regulations require ramps to have handrails either side. The rails must be at 36 inches apart and have an edging surface that is smooth or rounded. In addition, they must be attached to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the ramp edge. Handrails must be continuous if the ramp is designed with switchbacks or in an L-shaped layout.
The length of a ramp depends on the slope, however there are several standard ramps that can be used in most situations. For example the threshold ramp is placed flush along the lip of a curb or the threshold of a doorway while portable ramps can be moved from one place to another and come in a variety of sizes. Modular aluminum ramps may also be built on-site. These ramps are commonly used in public or commercial areas and are typically longer.
If you're thinking of an all-weather ramp, be sure you contact your city's building department to determine if you require permits. It's also a good idea to consult with a mobility expert to determine which kind of ramp is best suited to your requirements and the space you have. In some cases installing permanent ramps could increase the value of your house.
Maintenance
It is essential to ensure that your wheelchair ramp is well maintained, especially if are going to use it frequently. It is essential to conduct regular inspections and address any structural issues as they arise. This will ensure that the ramp meets all ADA requirements and is safe for users.
Wooden ramps require regular cleaning to remove dirt and debris that could block access. Keep the ramp clean to avoid moisture from accumulating under the surface. This can cause the onset of rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work only if the ramp is thoroughly cleaned before application.
Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps as they are more prone to wear and tear. It is essential to have the proper tools. A good set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be essential for making sure all fixings are secure and secure. It is also important to regularly check the handrails to make sure they are in good shape and have no signs of damage or corrosion. It's possible that, over time, and with repeated use and use, the bolts and fittings that secure the handrails could loosen, which can be a major safety concern for those who use the ramp.
Another important factor is ensuring the surface of the ramp is grippy, especially during winter when conditions may be difficult. You will need to sweep away any dirt, leaves or other debris that might block and cause slippage. It is also recommended to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive to the ramp's surface to avoid slips and injuries.
Think about purchasing "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if plan to use it throughout the winter. They're specifically designed to aid in tracking on uneven surfaces and snow, so they'll be more effective than standard wheelchair tires in keeping you on the ramp. You can also make use of heating pads or heating tape to melt snow and ice on the ramp before it accumulates.